The starlet sea anemone, nematostella vectensis, is a cnidarian, a phylum that also includes coral, jellyfish and hydras. You can also return to the apis mellifera genome view search page. The asian honeybee apis cerana is one of two bee species that have been commercially kept with immense economic value. Here we used both sequence data from the trnaleucox2 intergenic mtdna region and a genomewide scan, with over 1183 single nucleotide. To discuss this or any other aspect of natural beekeep. A gene for resistance to the varroa mite acari in honey. The first global analysis of genome variation in honeybees has been revealed by scientists. The national human genome research institute nhgri and the department of agriculture usda has supported a honey bee apis mellifera genome sequencing project that aimed to. The proteincoding genes, two rrnas, and 22 trnas resembled other apis mitogenomes. The refseq genome records for apis mellifera were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. Honey is an important food product internationally, but pollination is by far the honeybees most valuable contribution.
For example, the genome of the honey bee, apis mellifera, represents a mosaic of gcpoor and gcrich regions with rates of recombination an order of magnitude higher than in humans. Absence of deformed wing virus and varroa destructor in. The mechanism by which workers switch off their ovaries in queenright colonies is pheromonally cued, but there is genetically based variation among individuals. A complete reference genome of the apis mellifera filamentous virus amfv was determined using illumina hiseq sequencing. The diagram on the left was adapted from this article but is colour coded to illustrate the various coding regions. The apis mellifera genome was sequenced by the baylor college of medicine human genome sequencing center. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee apis. A genome wide signature of positive selection in ancient and recent invasive expansions of the honey bee apis mellifera. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee apis mellifera. The findings show a surprisingly high level of genetic diversity in. Four assemblies have been released for apis mellifera 1. Nordbiene dunkle biene apis mellifera mellifera am flugloch april 2014. Bees were reared in langstroth hives or nucleus boxes in dunedin, new zealand.
Here we use a hybrid approach that combines data from four genome sequencing and mapping technologies to generate a new genome assembly of the honeybee apis mellifera. The amfv genome is a double stranded dna molecule of approximately. Apis mellifera, the european or western honey bee, is native to western asia, europe and africa, but can now be found all around the world. Differential gene expression between hygienic and non. The complete mitochondrial genome of apis mellifera simensis was 16,523 bp long. Four quantitative trait loci that influence worker. Comparative analysis of brain and fat body gene splicing.
The bcmhgsc sequenced the honey bee, apis mellifera. Whole genome sequencing and assembly of the asian honey bee. Response of the honey bee apis mellifera proteome to. Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through. We first generated contigs based on pacbio sequencing. Genetic integrity of the dark european honey bee apis mellifera. The asian honey bee apis dorsata is distinct from its more widely distributed cousin apis mellifera by a few key characteristics. Deep sequencing of viruses isolated from infected hosts is an efficient way to measure populationgenetic variation and can reveal patterns of dispersal and natural selection. The western honey bee or european honey bee apis mellifera is a species of honey bee. Whole genome scan in thelytokouslaying workers of the cape honeybee apis mellifera capensis. The western honey bee, apis mellifera, is the most important insect pollinator of agricultural crops worldwide. As of october 28, 2006, the honey bee genome sequencing consortium fully sequenced and analyzed the genome of apis mellifera, the western honey bee. Apis mellifera and apis cerana are two sibling species of apidae.
Insights into social insects from the genome of the. Proteomics, a global strategy for mining the protein information, is of great importance for developmental studies. Part 1 of our uk experiment trying a perone automatic hive mk 1 colmena perone, populated with native black bees apis mellifera mellifera. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate alignment results. This page describes the data available for apis mellifera honey bee, and the search tips specific to that organism. As of october 28, 2006, the honey bee genome sequencing consortium fully sequenced and analyzed the genome of apis mellifera.
Here we used both sequence data from the trnaleucox2 intergenic mtdna region and a genomewide scan, with. The western honey bee or european honey bee apis mellifera is a species of honey. Proteomic analysis of honeybee worker apis mellifera. Apis mellifera annotation report national center for. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the asian honeybee. The honeybee apis mellifera is a valued resource for both mankind and the global environment. The number and type of evidence retrieved from public. Loc406093 apisimin apis mellifera honey bee gene ncbi. Mnemiopsis leidyi, the warty comb jelly or sea walnut, is a ctenophore, originally native to western atlantic coasts but now found throughout europe and asia, in waters of varying salinity and temperature. Apis mellifera, the european or western honey bee, is native to western asia, europe and africa, but. The hostparasite interaction between honey bees apis mellifera and the mite varroa destructor is unusual, as honey bee colonies are relatively poorly defended against this parasite.
A poetic journey into the lives of honeybees, this experimental documentary evokes their pivotal role in global agriculture as well the species struggle for survival in a rapidly changing world. Tiling array data are available for browsing and download from. The map viewer home page allows you to search the genome data of any organism represented in mapviewer. Some other types of related bees produce and store honey, but only members of the genus apis are true honey bees. Amelmap2 was not published, but was used by the human genome sequencing center at baylor college for the first assembly of the apis mellifera genome in january 2004. The division supports and accelerates foundational resources, technology development, experimental approaches, data science and analytical tools that transform genome science to facilitate research on the function of the genome in human health and disease. A bees food intake dictates its future role in the hive, and its life span.
A linkage map for the honeybee apis mellifera was constructed mainly from the progeny of two hybrid queens a. Genome architecture facilitates phenotypic plasticity in. The ability to generate long sequencing reads and access longrange linkage information is revolutionizing the quality and completeness of genome assemblies. Apis mellifera were supplied by betta bees research limited, which maintain a closed breeding population of a. Drosophila willistoni has a distribution across central and south america, and was one of 12 fruitfly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study 1. The map viewer help document describes how to use the map viewer software. Populationgenomic variation within rna viruses of the. The aim of the present study was to obtain a protein.
Additionally, the worker and reproductive castes are all of the same size in a. Bees contribute to almost 90 % of crop pollination around the world 2, 3. The national human genome research institute nhgri and the department of agriculture usda has supported a honey bee apis mellifera genome sequencing project that aimed to produce between 7 and 8fold sequence coverage of the honey bee genome in a mixture of whole genome shotgun wgs and low coverage bac clone sequencing. That the linear sequence of the honeybee genome is organized to coordinate widespread gene expression changes in response to. However, tissuespecific as patterns have not been fully explored. The genus apis is latin for bee, and mellifera comes from latin melli honey and ferre to. The dynamic dna methylation cycle from egg to sperm in the honey. From that time a dialog was set up between the map and sequence projects that became interactive, each taking advantage of the progress of the other. Mtdna variation in apis cerana populations from the. Apis mellifera honey bee genome data and search tips.
Whole genome sequencing and assembly of the asian honey. Honeybee apis mellifera health is threatened globally by the complex interaction of multiple stressors, including the parasitic mite varroa destructor and a number of pathogenic viruses. Ensembl genomes imports data from flybase, who also have more information about the biology of drosophila willistoni, and a phylogeny of the 12 sequenced fruitfly species. In this study, we mined existing illumina sequence reads to investigate singlenucleotide polymorphisms snps within two rna viruses of the western honey bee apis mellifera, deformed wing virus dwv and israel. In honey bees apis mellifera, the epigenetic mark of dna methylation is central. The location of this apis subspecies in our phylogenetic tree supported the hypothesis that this subspecies is distinct, and is most closely related to a. Complex demographic history and evolutionary origin of the. A microsatellitebased linkage map of the honeybee, apis. Apis cerana is adept at collecting sporadic nectar in mountain and forest region and exhibits stiffer hardiness and acarid resistance as a result of natural selection, whereas apis mellifera has the advantage of producing royal jelly. The honey bee apis mellifera is an important model organism for studying the molecular underpinnings of behavioral plasticity and social behavior, and recent rnaseq studies of honey bees have revealed as patterns and their regulation by dna methylation.
Evolutionary history of honeybees revealed by genomics. Apis mellifera intermissa is an african subspecies of the western honey bee. Since 2007, attention has been devoted to colony collapse disorder, a decline in western honey bee colonies in a number of regions. This resource organizes information on genomes including sequences, maps, chromosomes, assemblies, and annotations. The genus apis is latin for bee, and mellifera comes from latin melli honey and ferre to bearhence. The mitochondrial genome of apis mellifera simensis. Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. To identify differentially expressed genes degs that affect the development of hypopharyngeal. The mitochondrial genome of the carniolan honey bee, apis. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the a. The snp analysis results are also available for download using the ftp data link. In fact, the dependence of agricultural activities on honey bee pollination services has increased during the. The allfemale worker caste of the honeybee apis mellifera is effectively barren in that workers refrain from laying eggs in the presence of a fecund queen.
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